Professor Martha Augoustinos



I completed my PhD in 1992 at the University of Adelaide on social representations theory under the supervision of Professor Mike Innes. Since then my research has taken several directions, but can be broadly classified as falling into four major areas: the social psychology of prejudice and racism, theory and social psychology, and more recently, public understandings of science, and the politics of foster care in Australia. I have listed my publications to date under these major headings for ease of reference.

Social psychologists (and others) who have influenced my work include (in alphabetical order): Michael Billig on ‘everything’ but especially rhetoric and ideology, Susan Condor on prejudice, Kay Deaux on gender, Derek Edwards on discourse and cognition, Susan Fiske on social cognition, Ken Gergen on social constructionism, Ian John on the scientist-practitioner model, Serge Moscovici on social representations, Jonathan Potter on reality construction and discursive psychology, Steven Reicher on social identity and mobilisation, Nikolas Rose on the psy-disciplines and subjectivity, Ed Sampson on liberal individualism and psychology, Henri Tajfel and John Turner on social identity and intergroup relations, Teun van Dijk on critical discourse analysis, Valerie Walkerdine on class, and Margaret Wetherell on discourse and racism.



Prejudice and Racism

My work in this field has been supported by two Large Australian Research Grants, the first with Mike Innes in 1994 and the second with Amanda LeCouteur in 1998. I am very passionate about this body of work and the collaborations it has generated with colleagues (most notably Amanda, also Keith Tuffin, Mark Rapley, and Kate Reynolds), and more recently, former postgraduate students (Damien Riggs, Danielle Every, and Kieran O’Doherty).





Augoustinos, M. & Every. D. (2010). Accusations and denials of racism: Managing moral accountability in public discourse. Discourse & Society.

Hanson-Easey, S. & Augoustinos, M. (2010). Out of Africa: Accounting for refugee policy and the language of causal attribution. Discourse & Society.

Augoustinos, M. (2010). Racism. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (eds). The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp. 1413-1415). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Augoustinos, M. (2009). Racism(s): One or many? International Journal of Psychology, 44, 43.

Every, D. and Augoustinos, M. (2008). Accounting for the arrival of asylum seekers. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12 (5), 648-667.

Every, D. and Augoustinos, M. (2008). Constructions of Australia in pro- and anti-asylum seeker discourse, Nations and Nationalism. 14(3), 562-580.

O’Doherty, K. & Augoustinos, M. (2008). Protecting the nation: Nationalist rhetoric on asylum seekers and the Tampa. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. 18, 576-592.


Riggs, D. & Augoustinos, M. (2008). 'The fine line between compensation and taking advantage': A discursive analysis of race privilege. In R. Ranzin et al. (eds). Psychology and Indigenous Australians: Teaching, practice and theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. (pp. 43-54)

Augoustinos, M. & Every, D. (2007). The language of ‘race’ and prejudice: A discourse of denial, reason, and liberal- practical politics. Journal of Language & Social Psychology, 26, 123-141.

Augoustinos, M. & Every, D. (2007). Contemporary racist discourse: Taboos against racism and making racist accusations. In A. Weatherall, B. Watson & C. Gallois (Eds). Language, discourse and social psychology. Palgrave Macmillan. (pp. 233-254)

Augoustinos, M., LeCouteur, A. & Fogarty, K. (2007). Apologizing-in-action: On saying ‘sorry’ to Indigenous Australians. In A. Hepburn and S. Wiggins (Eds). Discursive Research in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 88-103)

Augoustinos, M. & Riggs, D. (2007). Representing ‘us’ and ‘them’: Constructing white identities in everyday talk. In G. Moloney and I. Walker (Eds). Social representations and identity: Content, process, and power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (pp. 109-130)

Augoustinos, M., Tuffin, K., & Rapley, M. (2007). Genocide or a failure to gel? Racism, history and nationalism in Australian talk. Reprinted in J. Potter (Ed). Handbook of discourse and psychology (Volume 2, Discourse and social psychology). London: Sage Publications.

Every, D. & Augoustinos, M. (2007). Constructions of racism and refugee advocacy in the Australian parliament. Discourse & Society, 18, 411-436.

O'Doherty, K. & Augoustinos, M. (2007). Australia and the Tampa: The use of nationalist rhetoric to legitimate military action and the marginalisation of asylum seekers. In D.W. Riggs (Ed.) Taking up the challenge: Critical race and whiteness studies in a postcolonising nation. Adelaide: Crawford House Publishing. (pp. 225-247)

Augoustinos, M., Tuffin, K. & Every, D. (2005). New racism, meritocracy and individualism: Constraining affirmative action in education. Discourse & Society, 16, 315-339.

Riggs, D. & Augoustinos, M. (2005). The psychic life of colonial power: Racialised subjectivities, bodies and methods. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1-17.


Augoustinos, M. (2004). Racism. Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (pp. 789-790).


Augoustinos, M. & LeCouteur, A. (2004). Apologising to Indigenous Australians: The denial of white guilt. In N. Branscombe & B. Doosje (Eds.) Collective guilt: International perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 552-609)


Riggs, D. & Augoustinos, M. (2004). Projecting threat: Managing subjective investments in whiteness.Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 9, 216-224.

Augoustinos, M. & Quinn, C. (2003). Social categorization and evaluation: Illegal immigrants or asylum seekers and refugees? New Review of Social Psychology, 2, 29-37.


Augoustinos, M., LeCouteur, A. & Soyland, J. (2002). Self-sufficient arguments in political rhetoric: Constructing reconciliation and apologising to the Stolen Generations. Discourse & Society, 13, 105-142.

Rapley, M. & Augoustinos, M. (2002). ‘National identity’ as a rhetorical resource. In S. Hester & W. Housley (eds.). Language, interaction and national identity. (pp. 194-210)


Augoustinos, M. (2001). History as a rhetorical resource: Using historical narratives to argue and explain. In A. McHoul and M. Rapley, (Eds), How to analyse talk in institutional settings: A casebook of methods. Continuum International: London. (pp. 135-145)

Augoustinos, M. & Penny, S. L. (2001). Reconciliation: The genesis of a new social representation. Papers on Social Representations, 10, 4.1-4.18.


Augoustinos, M. & Penny, S. L. (2001). Defining the social context: Reply to Echebarría Echabe. Papers on Social Representations, 10, 6.1-6.3

Augoustinos, M. and Reynolds, K. (Eds), Understanding prejudice, racism and social conflict. London: Sage.

Augoustinos, M., & Reynolds, K. (2001). Prejudice, racism, and social psychology. In M. Augoustinos and K. Reynolds (Eds), Understanding prejudice, racism and social conflict. London: Sage. (pp. 1-23)

Augoustinos, M. & Rosewarne, D. L. (2001). Stereotype knowledge and prejudice in children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 143-156.

Hill, M. & Augoustinos, M. (2001). Stereotype change and prejudice reduction: Short and long-term evaluation of a cross-cultural awareness program. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 11, 243-262.

LeCouteur, A. & Augoustinos, M. (2001). Apologising to the Stolen Generations: Argument, rhetoric and identity in public reasoning. Australian Psychologist, 36, 51-61 (Special Issue on Critical Psychology).

LeCouteur, A. & Augoustinos, M. (2001). The language and discourse of racism. In M. Augoustinos and K. Reynolds (Eds), Understanding prejudice, racism and social conflict. London: Sage. (pp. 215-230)

LeCouteur, A., Rapley, M., & Augoustinos, M. (2001). ‘This very difficult debate about Wik’: Stake, voice and the management of category memberships in race politics. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 35-57.

Augoustinos, M., Tuffin, K., & Rapley, M. (1999). Genocide or a failure to gel? Racism, history and nationalism in Australian talk. Discourse & Society. 10, 351-378.

Augoustinos, M., Tuffin, K. & Sale, L. (1999). Race talk. Australian Journal of Psychology, 51, 90-97.

Sanson, A. Augoustinos, M., Gridley, H., Kyrios, M., Reser, J., & Turner, C. (1998). Racism and prejudice: An Australian Psychological Society position paper. Australian Psychologist, 33, 161-182.

Hill, M., Barlow, J., Augoustinos, M., Clark, Y. & Sarris, A. (1995). Cross-cultural awareness programme evaluation. Report prepared for Courts Administration Authority, South Australia.

Augoustinos, M., Ahrens, C, & Innes, J. M. (1994). Stereotypes and prejudice: The Australian experience. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 125-141.











Theory and social psychology

Most of this work came out of my PhD research which attempted to integrate social representations theory and social cognition. This culminated in the first edition of Social Cognition: An Integrated Introduction with my good friend and colleague Iain Walker in 1995 and the 2nd edition in 2006 with both Iain and Ngaire Dongahue. Despite the sentimentality Iain and I have for the first edition (it sold over 10,000 copies), we believe the radically updated 2006 version is so much better, due largely to Ngaire’s contribution.





Augoustinos, M., Walker, I. & Donaghue, N. (2006). Social cognition: An integrated introduction. London: Sage (2nd Edition).

Maio, G. & Augoustinos, M. (2005). Attitudes and social cognition. In M. Hewstone, and F. Fincham (Eds), Blackwell introduction to psychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. (pp. 360-382).

Augoustinos, M. (2001). Social categorization: Towards theoretical integration. In K. Deaux and G. Philogene (eds.) Representations of the social: Bridging theoretical traditions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. (pp. 201-216).

Augoustinos, M. (1999). Ideology, false consciousness and psychology. Theory & Psychology. 9, 295-312.

Augoustinos, M. & Walker, I. (1998). The construction of stereotypes in social psychology: From social cognition to ideology. Theory & Psychology, 8, 629-652.

Augoustinos, M. (1998). Social representations and ideology: Towards the study of ideological representations. In U. Flick (Ed.) The psychology of the social. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 156-169).

Hewstone, M. & Augoustinos, M. (1998). Social attributions and social representations. In U. Flick (Ed.) The psychology of the social. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp 60-76).

Augoustinos, M. (1995). Book Review: Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition by L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine and S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 331-333.

Augoustinos, M. (1995). Ideologie und soziale reprasentationen. In U. Flick (Ed.) Psychologie des sozialen: Reprasentationen in wissen und sprache, Hamburg: Rowolhlt. (pp. 200-217).

Augoustinos, M. & Walker, I. (1995). Social cognition: An integrated introduction. London: Sage (1st Edition).

Hartsone, M. & Augoustinos, M. (1995). The minimal group paradigm: Categorization into two versus three groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 179-193.

Hewstone, M. & Augoustinos, M. (1995).Soziale attributionen und soziale reprasentationen. In U. Flick (Ed.) Psychologie des sozialen: Reprasentationen in wissen und sprache, Hamburg: Rowolhlt. (pp. 78-99).

Augoustinos, M. (1993). The openness and closure of a concept: Reply to Allansdottir, Jovchelovitch & Stathopoulou. Papers on Social Representations , 2, 26-30.

Augoustinos, M. (1993). ‘Celebration of a Nation’: Representations of Australian national identity. Papers on Social Representations , 2, 33-39.

Augoustinos, M, (1993). Essay Review: The Social Psychological Study of Widespread Beliefs, C. Fraser & G. Gaskell (Eds.) Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1990. British Journal of Social Psychology.

Augoustinos, M. (1991). Consensual representations of the social structure in different age groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 193-205.

Augoustinos, M. & J. M. Innes. (1990). Towards an integration of social representations and social schema theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 213-231.

Augoustinos, M. (1990). The mediating role of representations on causal attributions in the social world. Social Behaviour, 5, 49-62.



Public Understandings of Science

I have always been interested in the sociology of scientific knowledge and the critical work it has inspired in psychology. My recent work in public understandings of genomics stems from this interest but also from Moscovici’s writings on the proliferation of expert knowledge into everyday knowledge and common sense. Four papers below stem from a collaborative project with a multidisciplinary team at Surrey University (Shepherd, Barnett, Cooper, Coyle, Moran-Ellis, Senior, & Walton) supported by a grant from the ESRC (Attitudes to Genomics project L145251005). Currently I am collaborating with colleagues from Adelaide, CSIRO and Exeter University (UK) examining public discourse and everyday understandings of climate change.

Kurz, T., Augoustinos, M. & Crabb, S. (in press). Contesting the national interest and maintaining our lifestyle: A discursive analysis of political rhetoric around climate change. British Journal of Social Psychology.

Augoustinos, M., Crabb, S., & Shepherd, R. (2010). GM food in the news: Representations of stakeholders in the GM debate in the UK. Public Understanding of Science, 19, 98-114.

Augoustinos, M., Russin, A. & LeCouteur, A. (2009). Representations of the stem-cell cloning fraud: From scientific breakthrough to managing the stake and interest of science. Public Understanding of Science, 18, 687-703.

Crabb, S. & Augoustinos, M. (2008). Genes and families in the media: Implications of genetic discourse for constructions of the ‘family’. Health Sociology Review, 17, 303-312.

Augoustinos, M., Crabb. S. & LeCouteur, A. (2005). Genomics discourse in the UK: Media, interest group and government representations. Report Commissioned by the ESRC-UK and the University of Surrey.

McCann, P., Augoustinos, M. & LeCouteur, A. (2004). ‘Race’ and the Human Genome Project: Constructions of scientific legitimacy. Discourse & Society, 15: 409-432



Families and Foster Care

The work below is spearheaded largely by Dr Damien Riggs who was awarded an ARC-Discovery postdoctoral award to examine the crisis in foster care in Australia. A foster carer himself, Damien has been a huge inspiration to me both intellectually and personally. Kathy Fogarty is a current combined PhD and Clinical Masters student who is using conversation analytic methods to examine evidential interviewing practices in child sexual abuse cases.

Riggs, D.W., Delfabbro, P.H. & Augoustinos, M. (2010). Foster fathers and carework: Enacting alternate forms of parenting. Fathering, 8.

Riggs, D.W. & Augoustinos, M. (2009). Institutional stressors and individual strengths: Policy and practice directions for working with Australian lesbian and gay foster carers. Practice: Social Work in Action. 21, 77-90.

Riggs, D.W., King, D., Delfabbro, P.H. & Augoustinos, M. (2009). Children out of place: Representations of foster care in the Australia news media. Journal of Children and Media, 3, 234-248.

Fogarty, K. & Augoustinos, M. (2008). Feckless fathers and monopolising mothers: Motive, identity and fundamental truths in the Australian Public Inquiry into Child Custody. British Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 535-556.


Riggs, D.W., Delfabbro, P.H. & Augoustinos, M. (2008). Negotiating foster families: Identification and desire. British Journal of Social Work, 38, ­1-17.

Riggs, D., Augoustinos, M. & Delfabbro, P. (2007). ‘Basically, it’s a recognition issue’: Validating foster parent identities. Family Matters, 76, 64-69.

White, N., Augoustinos, M. & Taplin, J. (2007). Parental responsibility for the illicit acts of their children: Effects of age, type and severity of offence. Australian Journal of Psychology, 59, 43-50.

Augoustinos, M. (1987). Developmental effects of child abuse: Recent findings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 11, 15-27.